Houston to London Flight Time: 8+ Hrs


Houston to London Flight Time: 8+ Hrs

The length of a transatlantic journey between Houston, Texas, and London, England, is determined by a number of elements, together with the particular airports concerned, air visitors management, climate situations, and the chosen airline. Direct flights sometimes vary between 9 and ten hours. Connecting flights, which regularly contain a layover in one other metropolis, can considerably improve journey time, typically by a number of hours. The kind of plane also can affect flight length, although this influence is usually much less vital than different contributing parts.

Understanding typical flight durations is essential for vacationers planning itineraries, reserving lodging, and managing expectations. Correct estimations facilitate smoother journey experiences, reduce potential disruptions, and permit for higher time administration. Traditionally, transatlantic flights took significantly longer, typically requiring a number of stops and spanning a a lot higher interval. Developments in aviation know-how and extra environment friendly routes have dramatically diminished journey occasions, connecting these main worldwide hubs extra conveniently than ever earlier than.

This understanding of flight length lays the inspiration for exploring associated matters, comparable to optimum flight routes, airline selections, journey suggestions for long-haul flights, and minimizing jet lag. It additionally opens the door to discussing the broader impacts of air journey on world connectivity and worldwide commerce.

1. Direct Flights

The “9-10 hours” determine represents the everyday length of continuous flights between Houston and London. This timeframe signifies a vital aspect in understanding total journey time, because it gives a baseline for comparability towards connecting flights or flights impacted by unexpected delays. Selecting a direct flight minimizes total journey length, permitting for faster transit between these two cities. For instance, a enterprise traveler needing to attend a morning assembly in London would doubtless prioritize a direct in a single day flight from Houston to maximise productive time.

This comparatively lengthy flight length underscores the significance of pre-flight preparations for consolation and productiveness. Vacationers typically think about elements like seat choice, leisure choices, and methods for managing jet lag when anticipating a transatlantic journey of this size. Moreover, understanding this baseline permits for lifelike scheduling. Arriving on the airport with enough time for check-in and safety turns into essential, factoring within the prolonged flight time and potential for delays. Evaluating direct flight durations throughout completely different airways also can reveal minor variations, probably influencing route choice.

In abstract, the 9-10 hour timeframe for direct flights kinds the inspiration for planning any journey between Houston and London. Recognizing this baseline allows vacationers to make knowledgeable selections relating to flight choice, itinerary planning, and pre-flight preparations. Whereas exterior elements can nonetheless affect the precise flight length, this anticipated timeframe gives a vital benchmark for environment friendly and efficient journey planning.

2. Connecting Flights

Connecting flights introduce a big layer of variability to the general journey time between Houston and London. Whereas direct flights provide a predictable timeframe, connecting flights contain a layover in a 3rd metropolis, extending the journey significantly. The length of the layover itself, starting from a brief connection of 1 hour to an prolonged in a single day keep, immediately impacts the entire journey time. Moreover, connecting flights necessitate further issues, comparable to potential delays within the preliminary leg impacting subsequent connections, baggage switch processes, and navigating unfamiliar airports. The cumulative impact of those elements typically leads to a considerably longer journey in comparison with a direct flight.

As an illustration, a connecting flight by way of Amsterdam would possibly contain a 9-hour flight from Houston to Amsterdam, a 3-hour layover, and an additional 2-hour flight from Amsterdam to London. This situation results in a complete journey time exceeding 14 hours, considerably longer than the everyday 9-10 hours for a direct flight. One other traveler would possibly select a connecting flight with an in a single day layover, permitting for a short exploration of the connecting metropolis, however probably extending the general journey to properly over 24 hours. Understanding this variability related to connecting flights is essential for correct journey planning and managing expectations.

Selecting a connecting flight typically displays price issues, schedule constraints, or restricted direct flight availability. Nonetheless, the elevated journey time and related complexities require cautious analysis. Vacationers should weigh the potential price financial savings towards the prolonged length and elevated danger of disruptions inherent in multi-leg journeys. Analyzing particular flight itineraries, together with layover durations and potential connection occasions, gives vacationers with the required info to make knowledgeable selections. Recognizing the variable nature of connecting flights is paramount for anybody planning a journey between Houston and London, making certain lifelike expectations and facilitating smoother journey experiences.

3. Particular Airports

Airport choice performs a vital function in figuring out total journey time between Houston and London. Whereas the flight itself constitutes a good portion of the journey, factoring in floor transportation to and from the chosen airports, in addition to potential variations in flight routes and schedules, contributes to the entire length. Selecting between Houston’s George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) and William P. Interest Airport (HOU), and London’s Heathrow Airport (LHR) and Gatwick Airport (LGW), requires cautious consideration, notably relating to accessibility, flight availability, and potential connections.

  • Departure Airport: Houston (IAH vs. HOU)

    IAH, a serious worldwide hub, provides a wider vary of direct flights to London in comparison with HOU. This elevated availability typically interprets to extra handy scheduling choices, probably decreasing total journey time. Nonetheless, IAH’s location farther from downtown Houston would possibly necessitate longer floor transportation for some vacationers. Conversely, HOU, nearer to the town middle, would possibly provide shorter commutes however fewer direct flights, probably requiring connecting flights and lengthening the general journey.

  • Arrival Airport: London (LHR vs. LGW)

    Related issues apply to the selection between LHR and LGW. LHR, the busier of the 2, provides a higher number of flights and connections. Nonetheless, its proximity to central London will be each a bonus and an obstacle, relying on the traveler’s ultimate vacation spot and potential visitors congestion. LGW, positioned additional south, might require longer floor transit to sure components of London however would possibly provide simpler entry to different areas in southern England.

  • Connecting Airports

    For connecting flights, the particular layover airport introduces one other variable. Connecting by way of a serious European hub like Amsterdam Schiphol Airport (AMS) or Frankfurt Airport (FRA) can provide smoother transitions with extra frequent connecting flights, probably minimizing layover durations. Nonetheless, much less frequented connecting airports would possibly introduce longer layovers or elevated danger of delays, impacting the general journey’s size.

  • Flight Routes and Schedules

    The chosen airport pairing also can affect the flight route and schedule. Direct flights between particular airports would possibly function solely at sure occasions of day or on explicit days of the week. Understanding these nuances helps vacationers align their itineraries successfully and reduce pointless ready occasions, in the end affecting the entire journey length.

In abstract, whereas the “9-10 hours” estimate represents a normal benchmark for direct flights, the particular airports concerned introduce essential variations in total journey time. Contemplating floor transportation, flight availability, connection choices, and airport-specific schedules permits for a extra correct evaluation of the entire journey length and facilitates extra environment friendly journey planning between Houston and London.

4. Airline Variations

Whereas the core length of a flight from Houston to London stays comparatively constant throughout airways as a result of distance and air visitors management, minor variations can come up from particular airline operational procedures. These nuances, although seemingly insignificant, can contribute to slight variations in total journey time. Elements comparable to plane kind, chosen flight paths, and typical cruising speeds contribute to those variations. For instance, an airline working a more recent, extra fuel-efficient plane would possibly obtain marginally quicker cruising speeds, leading to a barely shorter flight in comparison with an airline using older plane. Equally, most well-liked flight paths, influenced by elements like prevailing winds and air visitors congestion, can introduce minor deviations in flight distances and subsequently, flight durations.

Although these variations hardly ever exceed quite a lot of minutes, they’ll turn out to be related for vacationers with tight connections or time-sensitive itineraries. Take into account two airways providing direct flights from Houston to London. Airline A, identified for using extra direct flight paths and environment friendly plane, would possibly persistently full the journey in 9 hours and half-hour. Airline B, maybe using barely older plane or much less optimum routing, would possibly common 9 hours and 45 minutes. Whereas a 15-minute distinction would possibly seem negligible in isolation, it might turn out to be a deciding issue for a traveler making an attempt a good connection in London. Understanding these refined variations permits vacationers to make knowledgeable selections aligned with their particular scheduling wants.

In conclusion, whereas airline variations signify a comparatively minor element in figuring out the general flight length between Houston and London, their influence can turn out to be related in particular circumstances. Recognizing that elements like plane kind and flight path choice contribute to those refined variations empowers vacationers to make extra knowledgeable selections, notably when tight connections or time-sensitive schedules necessitate meticulous planning. Whereas the core 9-10 hour timeframe stays the first consideration, consciousness of those minor airline-specific variations gives vacationers with a extra nuanced understanding of potential journey durations and contributes to smoother, extra environment friendly journey experiences.

5. Wind Circumstances

Wind situations signify a big, but typically neglected, issue influencing transatlantic flight durations. Whereas scheduled flight occasions present a normal estimate, the influence of prevailing winds, notably the jet stream, can noticeably have an effect on the precise time spent within the air between Houston and London. Understanding how these atmospheric situations affect flight paths and speeds gives invaluable context for vacationers anticipating this long-haul journey.

  • Jet Stream Impression

    The jet stream, a band of sturdy winds excessive within the environment, flows eastward throughout the North Atlantic. Flights from Houston to London sometimes make the most of this jet stream to cut back journey time, successfully “driving” the tailwind. Conversely, return flights from London to Houston typically face headwinds from the jet stream, rising flight length. A powerful tailwind can shave off a big period of time, probably decreasing a 9-hour flight to eight.5 hours. Conversely, a powerful headwind can add time, probably extending the identical flight to 9.5 hours or extra.

  • Variations in Wind Velocity and Path

    Wind situations are usually not static. Their pace and course fluctuate continuously, influencing flight planning and execution. Pilots and air visitors management repeatedly monitor these variations, adjusting flight paths as wanted to optimize for gasoline effectivity and reduce journey time. A flight deliberate to reap the benefits of a powerful tailwind would possibly expertise an sudden shift in wind course, leading to a longer-than-anticipated journey. These dynamic situations underscore the inherent variability in flight durations, even for direct flights.

  • Seasonal Influences

    Wind patterns exhibit differences due to the season. The jet stream, as an illustration, tends to be stronger and extra northerly in the course of the winter months, probably creating stronger headwinds for westbound flights and stronger tailwinds for eastbound flights. These seasonal variations contribute to the variability in common flight occasions all year long. Vacationers planning journeys throughout completely different seasons ought to anticipate these potential variations and seek the advice of up-to-date flight info nearer to their departure date.

  • Impression on Gas Consumption and Flight Planning

    Airways issue wind situations into their flight planning to optimize gasoline consumption. Making the most of tailwinds and minimizing publicity to headwinds reduces gasoline utilization, contributing to price effectivity and environmental sustainability. This strategic planning includes complicated calculations and real-time changes, highlighting the numerous function wind situations play in aviation operations.

In conclusion, wind situations signify a dynamic and influential aspect in figuring out the precise length of a flight between Houston and London. Whereas the scheduled flight time gives a helpful benchmark, recognizing the influence of prevailing winds, notably the jet stream, provides a extra complete understanding of potential variations. Acknowledging these atmospheric influences and their inherent variability permits vacationers to method transatlantic journeys with lifelike expectations and knowledgeable views.

6. Air Site visitors Management

Air visitors management (ATC) performs a vital function in managing the complicated stream of plane globally, immediately impacting flight durations. Its affect on a Houston to London flight, a closely trafficked route, turns into notably related as a result of excessive quantity of transatlantic air journey. Understanding how ATC contributes to potential delays gives important context for vacationers planning this journey. Whereas the scheduled 9-10 hour flight length serves as a baseline, ATC-related delays can considerably prolong total journey time.

  • Departure Delays: Floor Holds and Sequencing

    Congestion at departure airports, notably throughout peak hours, can result in floor holds. Plane could also be held on the gate or on the taxiway, awaiting clearance for takeoff. This queuing course of, managed by ATC to make sure secure and environment friendly departures, can add vital minutes and even hours to a flight’s total length. Equally, departure sequencing, prioritizing plane primarily based on vacation spot, flight plans, and different elements, can contribute to delays for particular flights. A Houston departure delayed as a result of floor holds can have cascading results, impacting connection occasions in London or subsequent journey preparations.

  • En Route Delays: Airspace Congestion and Climate Rerouting

    Even after departure, en route delays stay a chance. Airspace congestion alongside the North Atlantic observe system, a closely utilized route for transatlantic flights, can pressure plane to carry at particular waypoints or undertake much less environment friendly flight paths, rising journey time. Surprising climate occasions, requiring ATC to reroute flights round storm techniques or areas of turbulence, contribute additional to potential delays. These mid-flight changes, whereas crucial for security, can prolong the general journey, impacting arrival occasions and subsequent journey plans.

  • Arrival Delays: Holding Patterns and Airport Congestion

    Arrival airports, particularly main hubs like London Heathrow, often expertise congestion. Incoming plane could be positioned in holding patterns, circling a chosen airspace till touchdown clearance turns into obtainable. This process, managed by ATC to make sure secure and orderly arrivals, provides to the general flight time. Moreover, congestion on the bottom, comparable to restricted gate availability or taxiway backups, can additional delay an plane’s arrival on the terminal, impacting passenger disembarkation and baggage declare processes. These arrival delays, even seemingly minor, can disrupt connecting flights or floor transportation preparations in London.

  • Cascading Results of Delays

    A delay in a single phase of a flight typically creates ripple results. A departure delay from Houston can result in a missed connection in London, necessitating rebooking onto a later flight and lengthening the general journey time considerably. These cascading results underscore the interconnected nature of air journey and the significance of factoring in potential ATC-related delays when planning worldwide journeys. Vacationers ought to think about reserving flights with enough layover occasions to accommodate potential disruptions and discover various journey choices in case of great delays.

In abstract, whereas the anticipated 9-10 hour flight length gives a framework for planning a Houston to London journey, ATC-related delays signify a big variable that may significantly influence total journey time. Understanding the potential for floor holds, en route rerouting, and arrival delays gives vacationers with a extra lifelike perspective on transatlantic journey and facilitates extra adaptable itinerary planning. Recognizing ATC’s function in managing air visitors stream and mitigating potential disruptions permits for extra knowledgeable decision-making and contributes to smoother, extra manageable journey experiences.

7. Time of 12 months

Seasonal differences exert a notable affect on transatlantic flight durations between Houston and London. These variations stem primarily from shifts in prevailing wind patterns, notably the jet stream, and their interplay with established flight routes. The jet stream, a high-altitude band of fast-moving air, flows eastward throughout the North Atlantic. Throughout winter, this jet stream strengthens and shifts southward, creating stronger tailwinds for eastbound flights (Houston to London) and stronger headwinds for westbound flights (London to Houston). Consequently, eastbound flights typically expertise shorter journey occasions throughout winter as a result of propulsive impact of those tailwinds. Conversely, westbound flights can encounter prolonged durations as a result of resistance posed by headwinds. Throughout summer season, the jet stream weakens and shifts northward, resulting in much less pronounced tailwinds for eastbound flights and weaker headwinds for westbound flights. This shift leads to flight durations typically nearer to the typical 9-10 hour benchmark.

For instance, a flight from Houston to London in January would possibly profit from a powerful jet stream tailwind, decreasing the journey time to eight.5 hours or much less. Nonetheless, the return flight to Houston in January would possibly face a powerful headwind, extending the length to 9.5 hours or extra. Conversely, flights in the course of the summer season months, experiencing much less pronounced wind help or resistance, would doubtless adhere extra intently to the everyday 9-10 hour timeframe no matter course. This seasonal variability highlights the significance of contemplating time of 12 months when estimating journey time. Planning for potential variations permits vacationers to handle expectations, schedule connecting flights appropriately, and mitigate potential disruptions arising from sudden delays or prolonged flight durations.

In abstract, the time of 12 months introduces a layer of complexity to estimating flight durations between Houston and London. Seasonal shifts within the jet streams power and place create variable wind situations alongside the first transatlantic flight routes. Understanding these differences due to the season empowers vacationers to anticipate potential deviations from the typical 9-10 hour benchmark. This consciousness facilitates extra correct journey planning, enabling knowledgeable selections relating to flight choice, itinerary growth, and administration of potential disruptions stemming from seasonally influenced flight length variations. Contemplating seasonal wind patterns, alongside different elements like particular airports and airline selections, equips vacationers with a extra complete understanding of the dynamic nature of transatlantic flight occasions.

8. Plane Kind

Whereas quite a few elements affect the length of a flight between Houston and London, the particular plane kind typically exerts a negligible impact. Though completely different plane fashions possess various cruising speeds and gasoline efficiencies, these variations translate to minimal variations in total flight time on a transatlantic route of this distance. Different elements, comparable to wind situations and air visitors management, exert considerably higher affect on the precise flight length.

  • Cruising Velocity Variations

    Trendy industrial plane designed for long-haul flights exhibit a comparatively slender vary of cruising speeds. Whereas a Boeing 777 might need a barely increased cruising pace than an Airbus A380, this distinction sometimes interprets to a marginal time variation, typically measured in minutes, over a 9-10 hour transatlantic flight. Such minor discrepancies turn out to be insignificant in comparison with the potential influence of headwinds or air visitors delays, which might add or subtract hours from the entire journey time. Subsequently, specializing in plane kind as a main determinant of flight length provides restricted sensible worth.

  • Gas Effectivity and Flight Paths

    Gas effectivity variations between plane sorts can affect flight planning, however their influence on total flight time stays minimal. A extra fuel-efficient plane would possibly permit for a barely extra direct route, probably decreasing the entire distance traveled. Nonetheless, these route optimizations normally yield marginal time financial savings, typically overshadowed by prevailing wind situations or air visitors management directives. Whereas gasoline effectivity holds vital significance for airline working prices and environmental issues, its impact on a passenger’s journey time between Houston and London stays negligible.

  • Airline Operational Procedures

    Airways typically function a mixture of plane sorts inside their fleets, and particular plane assignments for a given route can range primarily based on operational wants and upkeep schedules. This variability introduces a stage of unpredictability relating to the particular plane mannequin assigned to a Houston-London flight. Nonetheless, even with this variability, the influence on flight length stays minor, as the basic efficiency traits of long-haul plane stay comparatively constant throughout completely different fashions. Subsequently, making an attempt to foretell flight length primarily based solely on anticipating a selected plane kind provides restricted sensible profit.

  • Passenger Expertise Concerns

    Whereas plane kind has a minimal influence on flight length, it may well considerably affect the passenger expertise. Completely different plane provide various cabin configurations, seat pitches, and leisure techniques. These elements contribute to passenger consolation and satisfaction throughout a long-haul flight however don’t immediately have an effect on the time spent within the air. Subsequently, passengers prioritizing consolation and facilities would possibly think about researching particular plane sorts operated by completely different airways on the Houston-London route, however this consideration stays distinct from estimating the general flight length.

In conclusion, whereas plane kind represents a tangible side of air journey, its affect on the general length of a Houston to London flight stays negligible. Specializing in extra impactful elements like wind situations, air visitors management, and time of 12 months gives a extra lifelike and informative foundation for estimating journey time. Whereas understanding aircraft-specific options can improve the passenger expertise, it provides restricted worth in predicting or controlling the precise flight length on this transatlantic route.

Regularly Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries relating to flight durations between Houston and London. Readability on these factors assists vacationers in planning their journeys successfully.

Query 1: Does the particular airline considerably have an effect on flight time?

Whereas airways make the most of completely different plane and flight paths, the influence on total length stays minimal for direct flights. Variations sometimes quantity to just a few minutes, insignificant in comparison with different elements.

Query 2: How do connecting flights influence whole journey time?

Connecting flights invariably prolong the journey, typically considerably. Layover durations, connection occasions, and potential delays within the preliminary leg contribute to this elevated journey time. Complete journey occasions can exceed 14 hours, even 24 hours with an in a single day layover, in comparison with 9-10 hours for direct flights.

Query 3: What function do wind situations play in flight length?

Prevailing winds, notably the jet stream, considerably affect transatlantic flight occasions. Eastbound flights typically profit from tailwinds, decreasing journey time, whereas westbound flights typically encounter headwinds, rising length. These variations can add or subtract as much as an hour from the everyday flight time.

Query 4: How do I account for potential delays as a result of air visitors management?

Air visitors management procedures, together with floor holds, en route rerouting, and holding patterns close to arrival airports, can introduce delays. Factoring in potential delays, particularly throughout peak journey occasions, proves essential for managing connections and subsequent journey preparations. Reserving flights with longer layovers gives a buffer towards these potential disruptions.

Query 5: Does the time of 12 months affect flight occasions between Houston and London?

Sure, differences due to the season within the jet stream influence flight durations. Winter sometimes sees shorter eastbound flights and longer westbound flights as a result of stronger tailwinds and headwinds, respectively. Summer season flights typically adhere extra intently to the typical 9-10 hour benchmark as a result of much less pronounced wind results.

Query 6: Ought to I select my flight primarily based on the particular plane kind?

Whereas plane kind influences passenger expertise, its influence on total flight length is negligible. Variations in cruising speeds between plane fashions translate to minimal variations on this long-haul route. Prioritizing elements like direct vs. connecting flights, airline repute, and departure/arrival airport comfort over particular plane kind proves simpler for environment friendly journey planning.

Correct estimation of journey time, factoring in potential variables, stays essential for efficient itinerary planning between Houston and London. Consulting real-time flight monitoring assets and airline updates gives essentially the most present info relating to potential delays or route adjustments.

For additional particulars relating to particular flight choices and up-to-the-minute journey advisories, consulting respective airline web sites and airport assets is really helpful.

Suggestions for Managing Transatlantic Journey Between Houston and London

Efficient administration of transatlantic journey necessitates cautious planning and preparation. The following tips present invaluable steerage for navigating the complexities of long-haul flights between Houston and London.

Tip 1: Prioritize Direct Flights for Time Effectivity: Choosing a direct flight, whereas probably dearer, considerably reduces total journey time and minimizes the danger of missed connections. The standard 9-10 hour length gives a predictable timeframe for planning actions upon arrival.

Tip 2: Strategically Select Connecting Flights: When price or scheduling necessitates a connecting flight, meticulous planning turns into essential. Cautious analysis of layover durations, connection occasions, and potential delays within the preliminary leg permits for extra knowledgeable decision-making and mitigates potential disruptions.

Tip 3: Think about Floor Transportation: Airport choice considerably influences total journey time. Take into account floor transportation to and from airports in each Houston (IAH vs. HOU) and London (LHR vs. LGW). Evaluating proximity to ultimate locations and potential visitors congestion facilitates extra correct journey time estimations.

Tip 4: Account for Seasonal Variations: Wind patterns, notably the jet stream, exhibit differences due to the season that influence flight durations. Eastbound flights sometimes expertise shorter journey occasions in winter as a result of favorable tailwinds, whereas westbound flights would possibly face longer durations. Factoring in these differences due to the season contributes to extra lifelike planning.

Tip 5: Put together for Potential Delays: Air visitors management procedures, climate situations, and unexpected circumstances can introduce delays. Constructing buffer time into itineraries, particularly for connecting flights, gives flexibility and mitigates the influence of potential disruptions. Staying knowledgeable about real-time flight updates permits for proactive changes to journey plans.

Tip 6: Optimize for Consolation on Lengthy Flights: A 9-10 hour transatlantic flight requires preparation for passenger consolation. Take into account seat choice, leisure choices, and packing important objects like noise-canceling headphones or journey pillows. Planning methods to handle jet lag upon arrival, comparable to adjusting sleep schedules and staying hydrated in the course of the flight, enhances total journey expertise.

Tip 7: Make the most of Flight Monitoring Sources: Actual-time flight monitoring web sites and apps present invaluable info relating to flight standing, potential delays, and gate info. Staying knowledgeable about these dynamic updates permits for proactive changes to journey plans and minimizes stress related to sudden adjustments.

Adopting these methods permits vacationers to navigate the complexities of transatlantic journeys effectively and comfortably, maximizing the worth of each journey time and experiences upon arrival.

In conclusion, understanding the assorted elements influencing flight durations and using proactive planning methods allows vacationers to method transatlantic journeys between Houston and London with confidence and effectivity.

Conclusion

Flight length between Houston and London represents a multifaceted topic influenced by a confluence of things. Whereas the generally cited 9-10 hour timeframe for direct flights serves as a invaluable benchmark, variations come up from parts comparable to particular airport selections (IAH/HOU versus LHR/LGW), connecting flight itineraries, prevailing wind situations, air visitors management procedures, and differences due to the season within the jet stream. Minor variations attributable to airline operational procedures and plane kind, whereas current, exert a relatively negligible affect. A complete understanding of those elements empowers vacationers to formulate lifelike expectations and develop adaptable journey plans.

Correct estimation of journey time stays essential for efficient itinerary planning. Potential vacationers profit from contemplating these dynamic parts when reserving flights, arranging floor transportation, and scheduling actions upon arrival. Session of real-time flight monitoring assets and airline updates gives essentially the most present info relating to potential delays or route adjustments. Knowledgeable decision-making, grounded in a radical understanding of the variables influencing flight length, contributes considerably to smoother, extra environment friendly, and in the end extra pleasurable transatlantic journey experiences.