9+ Tips: Booking Flights with Long Layovers (Easy!)


9+ Tips: Booking Flights with Long Layovers (Easy!)

Securing air journey with an prolonged interval between connecting flights includes using on-line journey businesses, airline web sites, or the companies of a journey agent. One would possibly specify desired connection cities and minimal connection occasions throughout the search course of. For example, a traveler flying from New York to Tokyo would possibly go for a 10-hour layover in Seoul to discover town.

Prolonged connection occasions can supply a number of benefits. They supply a buffer towards sudden delays, decreasing the chance of missed connections. A protracted layover may enable vacationers to expertise a brand new metropolis, turning a transit level right into a mini-vacation. Traditionally, lengthy layovers had been usually unavoidable as a consequence of restricted flight schedules. Nevertheless, with the proliferation of flight choices and the rise of funds airways, they’re now usually deliberately chosen by vacationers for his or her added flexibility and sightseeing alternatives.

This text will delve into the specifics of discovering and reserving such flights, protecting matters like utilizing superior search filters on journey web sites, evaluating layover choices, maximizing time throughout the layover, and making ready for potential challenges.

1. Make the most of Superior Search Filters

Superior search filters are instrumental in securing flights with prolonged layovers. These filters, supplied by most on-line journey businesses and airline web sites, enable vacationers to specify desired connection durations. As a substitute of merely trying to find a flight from level A to level B, vacationers can outline the minimal and most connection occasions at intermediate airports. This performance instantly addresses the core query of the best way to e-book a flight with a protracted layover. For instance, a traveler in search of a protracted layover in Amsterdam en route from Chicago to Rome might use these filters to show solely flights with layovers exceeding a specified period, similar to six hours. With out this performance, finding such flights would require manually sifting by means of quite a few itineraries, a time-consuming and doubtlessly irritating course of.

The sensible significance of utilizing superior search filters lies of their means to streamline the flight reserving course of. They eradicate the necessity to depend on luck or approximations when in search of a selected layover period. Take into account a state of affairs the place a traveler needs to go to a museum close to the airport throughout a layover. By specifying a minimal layover time, the traveler can guarantee adequate time for floor transportation, museum entry, exploration, and return to the airport. Furthermore, some superior search instruments enable filtering by particular airways or alliances, providing additional refinement of search outcomes. This may be useful for vacationers with loyalty applications or particular airline preferences.

In abstract, mastering the usage of superior search filters is important for effectively reserving flights with desired layover lengths. These instruments empower vacationers to tailor their itineraries exactly, reworking what would possibly in any other case be a haphazard search right into a focused method. This focused method finally saves time and reduces the complexities related to planning multi-leg journeys with particular layover necessities.

2. Specify minimal connection occasions.

Specifying minimal connection occasions is integral to securing a flight with a protracted layover. This performance, out there by means of superior search choices on most journey reserving platforms, instantly addresses the consumer’s intent when in search of an prolonged break between flights. It establishes a decrease sure for the layover period, guaranteeing offered itineraries meet the traveler’s want for a selected minimal connection time. The cause-and-effect relationship is evident: specifying an extended minimal connection time leads to search outcomes solely displaying flights with prolonged layovers. For example, a traveler wanting a 10-hour layover in Dubai would enter this period because the minimal connection time, filtering out itineraries with shorter layovers. With out this specification, the search outcomes would come with a mixture of layovers, doubtlessly requiring intensive handbook filtering.

The significance of specifying minimal connection occasions lies in its means to remodel a doubtlessly tedious search course of right into a streamlined, environment friendly one. Take into account the state of affairs of a traveler wishing to go away the airport throughout a layover to discover a close-by metropolis. Specifying a minimal connection time, say, eight hours, ensures adequate time for immigration procedures, floor transportation, metropolis exploration, and the return journey to the airport. Conversely, failing to specify a minimal connection time would possibly yield outcomes with layovers too quick for such actions, resulting in missed alternatives or rushed experiences. The sensible utility of this understanding permits vacationers to confidently plan actions throughout their layover, figuring out they’ve allotted satisfactory time.

In conclusion, specifying minimal connection occasions is an important part of reserving flights with lengthy layovers. It empowers vacationers to manage a key facet of their itinerary, facilitating a extra purposeful and pleasurable journey expertise. This performance eliminates the uncertainty related to unspecified connection occasions and ensures the offered choices align with the traveler’s want for an prolonged layover. Mastering this characteristic is vital to unlocking the potential advantages of lengthy layovers, whether or not for exploring a brand new metropolis, stress-free in an airport lounge, or just mitigating the chance of missed connections as a consequence of quick layover occasions.

3. Examine multi-city itineraries.

Evaluating multi-city itineraries is a crucial part of strategically reserving a flight with a protracted layover. This method includes developing hypothetical itineraries with totally different intermediate locations and evaluating the ensuing flight choices. Usually, an extended layover arises naturally when routing by means of a much less widespread hub. The cause-and-effect relationship is obvious: choosing a much less direct route, doubtlessly involving a number of airways or alliances, ceaselessly necessitates an extended connection time on the intermediate metropolis. For example, a traveler flying from London to Sydney would possibly discover shorter layovers in Singapore or Hong Kong, however selecting a route by means of Kuala Lumpur might yield a considerably longer layover, providing a possibility to discover town.

The significance of evaluating multi-city itineraries lies within the potential to uncover hidden alternatives for prolonged layovers. Commonplace point-to-point searches usually prioritize effectivity, presenting the shortest and quickest routes. Nevertheless, vacationers in search of an extended layover profit from exploring much less standard routing choices. A sensible instance could be a traveler flying from New York to Bangkok. A direct flight or a flight with a brief layover in a significant hub like Dubai could be the obvious decisions. Nevertheless, exploring a multi-city itinerary with a layover in Istanbul might reveal an extended connection time, providing the prospect to expertise a special tradition en route. This method expands the vary of choices past these sometimes offered in normal searches.

In abstract, evaluating multi-city itineraries empowers vacationers to strategically incorporate a protracted layover into their journey plans. This methodology necessitates a extra proactive and exploratory method to flight looking out, however the potential rewards are vital. By shifting past the constraints of normal point-to-point searches, vacationers can unlock a wider array of itinerary choices, rising the chance of discovering the perfect steadiness between journey time, value, and the specified layover period. This method permits for extra flexibility and management over the journey, aligning the itinerary with the traveler’s particular objectives and preferences.

4. Discover alternate airports.

Exploring alternate airports performs an important function in securing a flight with a protracted layover. This technique includes contemplating airports past the commonest or handy choices for each the origin and vacation spot, in addition to for connecting flights. Increasing the search to incorporate much less frequented airports can considerably improve the chance of discovering itineraries with prolonged layovers. The causal hyperlink lies within the scheduling practices of airways. Much less fashionable airports usually function secondary hubs or focus cities for sure airways, resulting in longer connection occasions for flights routed by means of them. For instance, a traveler flying from Boston to Barcelona would possibly sometimes join by means of main European hubs like Amsterdam or Paris. Nevertheless, exploring alternate airports like Lisbon or Rome might uncover itineraries with considerably longer layovers.

The sensible significance of exploring alternate airports turns into obvious when contemplating the potential for distinctive journey experiences. Whereas main hubs supply effectivity, smaller airports can present a extra relaxed ambiance and typically simpler connections. Moreover, selecting an alternate airport for a layover can open doorways to exploring a less-visited metropolis. Take into account a traveler flying from Los Angeles to Berlin. As a substitute of connecting by means of Frankfurt, exploring alternate airports like Brussels or Copenhagen might supply an extended layover, offering the chance to discover these cities. This method transforms a layover from a mere transit level right into a beneficial journey expertise.

In conclusion, exploring alternate airports is a beneficial approach for these in search of longer layovers. This methodology requires a extra complete search method however provides the potential for locating distinctive journey alternatives and maximizing the layover period. By venturing past the constraints of standard airport decisions, vacationers acquire entry to a broader spectrum of itineraries, rising the chance of discovering the proper steadiness between journey time, value, and desired layover size. This technique empowers vacationers to craft a extra personalised and enriching journey expertise, turning a layover right into a significant a part of the journey.

5. Take into account funds airways.

Funds airways usually supply distinctive routing choices and scheduling patterns that may facilitate lengthy layovers. Their deal with cost-effective operations ceaselessly necessitates longer floor occasions at connecting airports, creating alternatives for prolonged layovers not sometimes discovered with conventional carriers. Evaluating these airways as a part of the flight reserving course of will be instrumental in securing a desired layover period.

  • Unconventional Routing

    Funds airways usually function by means of smaller, secondary airports or make the most of much less widespread hub-and-spoke fashions. This may result in longer connection occasions as flights converge from numerous places or await onward connections to much less frequented locations. For instance, a funds service would possibly route a transatlantic flight by means of a smaller European metropolis, necessitating an extended layover than a standard airline utilizing a significant hub. This presents a possibility for vacationers in search of an prolonged break.

  • Strategic Scheduling for Price Effectivity

    Funds airways prioritize maximizing plane utilization and minimizing floor time bills. This may end up in strategically scheduled layovers that enable for plane upkeep, crew modifications, or passenger connections from a number of inbound flights. These operational issues usually result in longer layovers than these supplied by conventional carriers, doubtlessly aligning with a traveler’s want for an prolonged keep at a connecting airport.

  • Deal with Level-to-Level Flights

    Many funds airways emphasize point-to-point flights quite than intensive hub-and-spoke networks. This operational mannequin can create alternatives for longer layovers when combining separate flight segments to achieve a ultimate vacation spot. A traveler would possibly discover a lengthy layover unavoidable when connecting two funds airline flights, however this may be advantageous for these in search of prolonged time in a connecting metropolis.

  • Worth Sensitivity and Layover Commerce-offs

    Funds airways usually supply decrease fares, however this may include trade-offs, together with longer layovers. Vacationers prioritizing value financial savings would possibly discover that accepting an extended layover is important to safe probably the most reasonably priced fare. This presents a selection for vacationers: prioritize velocity and comfort or go for an extended layover in trade for value financial savings. Understanding this dynamic permits vacationers to make knowledgeable selections aligning with their funds and journey preferences.

Incorporating funds airways into the flight search course of expands the vary of potential itineraries and will increase the chance of discovering a flight with a protracted layover. By understanding the operational traits and scheduling methods of funds carriers, vacationers can leverage these elements to their benefit when in search of an prolonged connection time. This method contributes considerably to a extra versatile and cost-effective journey expertise, permitting vacationers to tailor their itineraries to incorporate beneficial exploration time throughout layovers.

6. Analysis visa necessities.

Researching visa necessities is a crucial pre-booking step for vacationers planning prolonged layovers. A protracted layover usually entails leaving the transit space of an airport, successfully getting into the nation. This motion might set off visa necessities even when the traveler’s final vacation spot is a special nation. The causal relationship is evident: the period of the layover and the traveler’s supposed actions throughout that point decide the need of a transit visa or different entry permits. Failure to safe needed visas previous to journey may end up in denied boarding or entry upon arrival on the layover vacation spot. For example, a traveler with a 12-hour layover in Beijing, desiring to discover town, would possibly require a transit visa even when their ultimate vacation spot is Japan.

The sensible implications of neglecting visa analysis will be extreme. Journey disruptions, together with denied boarding, missed connections, and monetary penalties, can happen if correct visa necessities aren’t met. Take into account a traveler from Nigeria with a protracted layover in Canada en path to Mexico. Whereas Mexico might not require a visa for Nigerian residents, Canada probably does, even for transit functions. With out the suitable Canadian transit visa, the traveler may very well be denied boarding at their origin airport. Understanding this interconnectedness between layover period, supposed actions, and visa necessities is important for seamless journey. Sensible sources for visa data embrace the Worldwide Air Transport Affiliation (IATA) Journey Centre and the embassy or consulate web sites of the international locations concerned within the itinerary.

In conclusion, thorough visa analysis varieties an integral a part of planning any worldwide journey with a protracted layover. Potential penalties of insufficient preparation can vary from minor inconveniences to vital disruptions, highlighting the essential hyperlink between visa necessities and the general success of the journey plan. Vacationers should confirm whether or not their nationality, passport, and supposed layover actions necessitate a visa for the transit nation. This proactive step safeguards towards potential issues and ensures a easy and pleasurable journey expertise. Neglecting this important factor can jeopardize the complete journey, emphasizing the significance of visa analysis inside the broader context of flight reserving with prolonged layovers.

7. Test airport facilities.

Checking airport facilities is integral to planning a snug and productive lengthy layover. The standard of the layover expertise instantly correlates with the out there services and companies on the connecting airport. Understanding these facilities influences flight choice and informs pre-booking selections associated to “how do you e-book a flight with a protracted layover.” This includes researching out there companies, assessing their suitability for the deliberate layover period, and factoring them into the general journey plan.

  • Lounge Entry

    Airport lounges supply respite from the overall terminal bustle, offering snug seating, refreshments, and sometimes Wi-Fi and enterprise companies. Entry will be granted by means of airline loyalty applications, premium journey bank cards, or paid day passes. For prolonged layovers, lounge entry can considerably improve consolation and productiveness. Evaluating lounge availability and entry necessities turns into an necessary consideration when choosing a flight with a protracted layover. A traveler would possibly select an itinerary with a layover in an airport recognized for glorious lounge services, particularly for a prolonged connection.

  • Sleeping Amenities

    For very lengthy layovers, or in a single day connections, the supply of sleeping services inside the airport turns into essential. These would possibly embrace devoted sleeping pods, transit resorts, and even designated relaxation areas. The presence and high quality of such services instantly affect the feasibility and luxury of prolonged layovers. A traveler anticipating an in a single day layover would prioritize airports providing appropriate sleeping preparations. This consideration performs a direct function within the flight reserving course of, influencing the selection of connecting airport and total itinerary.

  • Eating and Leisure Choices

    The supply of numerous eating and leisure choices considerably influences the layover expertise. A big selection of eating places, cafes, outlets, and leisure venues could make a protracted layover extra pleasurable and fewer tedious. This issue turns into notably related when choosing flights with prolonged connection occasions. A traveler planning to spend a number of hours at a connecting airport would probably favor one with ample eating and leisure decisions. This desire informs the decision-making course of when reserving a flight with a protracted layover.

  • Wi-Fi and Connectivity

    Dependable Wi-Fi connectivity is important for a lot of vacationers, notably throughout lengthy layovers. The supply of free or paid Wi-Fi companies inside the airport permits vacationers to stay linked, work remotely, or entertain themselves on-line. This turns into a key consider choosing an appropriate connecting airport. A traveler counting on web entry throughout a layover would prioritize airports recognized for offering sturdy Wi-Fi connectivity. This requirement instantly influences the flight reserving course of, doubtlessly guiding the selection of itinerary and connecting airport.

These issues instantly affect the choice of “how do you e-book a flight with a protracted layover.” Evaluating airport facilities permits vacationers to maximise their layover expertise, reworking what could be a tedious wait right into a productive or stress-free interlude. By contemplating these elements throughout the flight reserving course of, vacationers can guarantee a extra snug and fulfilling journey. The chosen airport facilities can considerably affect the general journey expertise, making the layover a optimistic part of the journey quite than a mere inconvenience.

8. Think about layover actions.

Factoring in layover actions is important when reserving a flight with a protracted layover. The deliberate actions instantly affect the required layover period. The cause-and-effect relationship is easy: extra intensive or time-consuming actions necessitate longer layovers. Leaving the airport for sightseeing, eating, or attending an occasion requires considerably extra time than remaining inside the terminal. This consideration turns into a pivotal part of “how do you e-book a flight with a protracted layover,” impacting the selection of connecting airport and the minimal acceptable connection time. For example, a traveler wishing to go to a museum close to the airport throughout a layover should consider journey time to and from the museum, the period of the museum go to, and buffer time for sudden delays. This, in flip, dictates the minimal layover period required when trying to find flights.

The sensible significance of factoring in layover actions turns into clear when contemplating potential disruptions or missed alternatives. A layover too quick for deliberate actions can result in a rushed and unsatisfactory expertise, and even pressure the traveler to desert their plans altogether. Conversely, choosing a layover period that comfortably accommodates deliberate actions maximizes the journey expertise. Take into account a traveler with a layover in Istanbul. A four-hour layover would possibly suffice for a fast go to to a close-by historic website, however an extended layover, maybe eight hours, would enable for a extra leisurely exploration of a number of websites, together with journey time and potential delays. This understanding empowers vacationers to make knowledgeable selections about layover period, guaranteeing alignment between out there time and desired actions.

In conclusion, factoring in layover actions is integral to a profitable lengthy layover expertise. This important planning factor instantly influences the required layover period and informs the flight reserving course of. By rigorously contemplating desired actions and their related time commitments, vacationers can choose the suitable minimal connection time, guaranteeing the chosen layover provides adequate time for a satisfying expertise. Failure to adequately consider layover actions can result in disappointment and missed alternatives, highlighting the significance of this consideration within the total context of reserving a flight with a protracted layover.

9. Learn critiques of layovers.

Studying critiques of layovers offers beneficial insights that instantly affect flight reserving selections, particularly when in search of an prolonged connection time. Critiques supply views from different vacationers who’ve skilled particular airports and layovers, offering essential data that enhances normal airport facility listings. This data is important to understanding the realities of a specific layover and performs a key function in “how do you e-book a flight with a protracted layover,” impacting decisions concerning connecting airports and minimal connection occasions.

  • Airport Ambiance and Consolation

    Critiques usually element the overall ambiance of an airport, together with noise ranges, crowding, seating availability, and total cleanliness. This data is especially related for lengthy layovers, the place passenger consolation turns into a major issue. A overview mentioning persistently overcrowded gate areas or a scarcity of snug seating would possibly dissuade a traveler from choosing that airport for an prolonged layover. Conversely, optimistic critiques highlighting a tranquil ambiance and ample seating might make an airport extra enticing for a protracted connection.

  • Accuracy of Amenity Data

    Whereas official airport web sites checklist out there facilities, critiques usually present a extra nuanced perspective on their high quality and accessibility. A traveler would possibly study from critiques that the marketed Wi-Fi is unreliable or that sure eating places have restricted working hours. This real-world suggestions is essential for planning layover actions and managing expectations. For example, a traveler counting on airport Wi-Fi for work throughout a layover would profit from studying critiques confirming its reliability and velocity.

  • Experiences with Layover Actions

    Critiques can supply beneficial insights into the feasibility and delight of particular layover actions. Vacationers usually share their experiences with airport transit processes, floor transportation choices, and close by sights. This data is especially helpful for planning actions exterior the airport throughout a protracted layover. For instance, a traveler contemplating visiting a metropolis middle throughout a layover might glean beneficial data from critiques concerning journey time, transportation prices, and potential challenges.

  • Hidden Gems and Potential Pitfalls

    Critiques usually spotlight hidden gems inside an airport, similar to quiet relaxation areas, distinctive eating choices, or sudden leisure services. They will additionally warn of potential pitfalls, similar to complicated terminal layouts, restricted eating choices throughout sure hours, or ongoing development initiatives. This data empowers vacationers to make extra knowledgeable selections about their layover expertise. A traveler in search of a quiet place to chill out throughout a protracted layover would possibly uncover a hidden gem by means of critiques, enhancing their total journey expertise.

By incorporating layover critiques into the flight reserving course of, vacationers acquire a extra complete understanding of the potential layover expertise. This data enhances normal airport particulars, offering beneficial context and real-world views. Contemplating these insights considerably influences the choice of “how do you e-book a flight with a protracted layover,” impacting the selection of connecting airport and the specified layover period. This knowledgeable method finally empowers vacationers to pick out itineraries that align with their preferences and maximize the potential of a protracted layover.

Incessantly Requested Questions on Reserving Flights with Lengthy Layovers

This part addresses widespread queries concerning the method of reserving air journey incorporating prolonged connection occasions.

Query 1: What are the first advantages of reserving a flight with a protracted layover?

Prolonged connection occasions supply alternatives to discover connecting cities, cut back the chance of missed connections as a consequence of delays, and doubtlessly entry decrease fares. They will rework a transit level right into a mini-vacation.

Query 2: How can one guarantee a layover is lengthy sufficient for deliberate actions?

Make the most of superior search filters on journey web sites or seek the advice of with a journey agent to specify the specified minimal connection time. Think about journey time to and from the airport, period of actions, and buffer time for unexpected delays.

Query 3: Are there visa implications related to lengthy layovers?

Leaving the transit space throughout a protracted layover would possibly necessitate a transit visa relying on the traveler’s nationality and the nation through which the layover happens. Consulting the embassy or consulate of the layover nation is suggested.

Query 4: How can one discover reasonably priced flights with lengthy layovers?

Flexibility with journey dates and exploring alternate airports or funds airways usually yield itineraries with prolonged layovers at doubtlessly decrease costs. Multi-city itinerary searches may uncover such choices.

Query 5: What are the potential drawbacks of reserving a flight with a protracted layover?

Prolonged journey time, potential jet lag, and the necessity for in a single day lodging on the layover vacation spot are elements to think about. Thorough planning and analysis can mitigate these potential drawbacks.

Query 6: What sources can be found for researching airport facilities and layover actions?

Airport web sites, on-line journey guides, and traveler overview platforms supply beneficial data concerning airport services, close by sights, and floor transportation choices. Consulting these sources aids in knowledgeable decision-making.

Cautious planning and utilization of accessible sources allow vacationers to maximise the advantages of lengthy layovers whereas minimizing potential drawbacks.

The following part will supply sensible ideas for managing prolonged layovers successfully.

Ideas for Managing Lengthy Layovers

Efficiently navigating an prolonged layover requires preparation and strategic planning. The next ideas supply steering for maximizing consolation and productiveness throughout lengthy airport connections.

Tip 1: Safe Lounge Entry

Airport lounges supply a haven from the bustling terminal atmosphere. Reserving lounge entry upfront, whether or not by means of airline loyalty applications, bank card advantages, or paid passes, offers a snug area to chill out, work, or clean up throughout a protracted layover. Entry usually consists of facilities similar to snug seating, Wi-Fi, refreshments, and enterprise companies, enhancing the general layover expertise.

Tip 2: Plan Layover Actions Strategically

Maximize the layover period by planning actions aligned with out there time. Analysis close by sights, eating choices, or leisure venues accessible from the airport. Think about journey time to and from the airport and potential delays to keep away from rushed or incomplete experiences. Pre-booking excursions or actions can streamline the method and guarantee availability.

Tip 3: Pack Necessities in Carry-On Baggage

Important objects for consolation and productiveness throughout the layover must be readily accessible in carry-on baggage. This would possibly embrace drugs, toiletries, digital gadgets, chargers, studying supplies, and any needed journey paperwork. Having these things available eliminates the necessity to entry checked baggage, saving time and trouble.

Tip 4: Notify Related Events of the Layover

Informing related events, similar to resorts on the ultimate vacation spot or people assembly the traveler upon arrival, of the prolonged layover ensures easy coordination. Offering up to date arrival occasions accounts for the prolonged journey period and prevents potential issues or miscommunication.

Tip 5: Affirm Terminal and Gate Data

Upon arrival on the connecting airport, verify the terminal and gate for the onward flight. Airport layouts will be advanced, and gates can change. Verifying this data prevents pointless stress and ensures well timed arrival on the appropriate departure gate.

Tip 6: Familiarize Oneself with Airport Format

Learning the airport map previous to arrival or upon arrival permits environment friendly navigation inside the terminal. Finding facilities similar to restrooms, eating places, and lounges upfront saves time and reduces stress, notably throughout lengthy layovers.

Tip 7: Set Alarms and Reminders

Setting alarms and reminders for boarding occasions and different crucial time-sensitive actions ensures well timed progress by means of the layover course of. This proactive method mitigates the chance of missed connections or delays as a consequence of mismanaged time.

By implementing these methods, vacationers can rework a protracted layover from a possible inconvenience right into a productive or stress-free interlude inside their journey. Cautious planning and preparation are key to maximizing the advantages of prolonged connection occasions.

The next conclusion summarizes the important thing takeaways for reserving and managing flights with lengthy layovers successfully.

Conclusion

Reserving a flight with a protracted layover requires a strategic method, shifting past fundamental point-to-point searches. Using superior search filters, specifying minimal connection occasions, and evaluating multi-city itineraries are essential steps. Exploring alternate airports and contemplating funds airways can uncover hidden alternatives for prolonged layovers. Thorough analysis concerning visa necessities, airport facilities, and potential layover actions is important for a easy and productive expertise. Critiques from fellow vacationers supply beneficial insights and real-world views, informing decisions and managing expectations.

Efficiently navigating a protracted layover transforms a possible journey inconvenience right into a beneficial alternative. Strategic planning and knowledgeable decision-making empower vacationers to maximise the advantages of prolonged connection occasions, whether or not for exploring a brand new metropolis, catching up on work, or just having fun with a extra relaxed journey expertise. The power to successfully e-book and handle a protracted layover enhances journey flexibility and opens doorways to richer, extra fulfilling journeys.